RGB LED Color Control using Rotary Encoder and Arduino
In this post, we will learn about RGB LED Color Control using Rotary Encoder and Arduino. We will be rotating the Rotary Encoder to assign the value. On the basis of that value, the red, green, and blue colors will combine to give a new color. Here I am using only RG Color LED that has only red and green color but code is designed to control all the 3 color LEDs. You can use the RGB Color LED according to this code.
A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device that converts the angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to analog or digital output signals. There are two main types of rotary encoder: absolute and incremental. The output of an absolute encoder indicates the current shaft position, making it an angle transducer. The output of an incremental encoder provides information about the motion of the shaft, which typically is processed elsewhere into information such as position, speed, and distance.
To learn about Rotary Encoder and its types with application, advantage, and working visit here:
Bill of Materials
| S.N. | Components Name | Quantity | Purchase Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arduino UNO Board | 1 | Amazon | AliExpress |
| 2 | Rotary Encoder | 1 | Amazon | AliExpress |
| 3 | RGB LED | 1 | Amazon | AliExpress |
| 5 | Connecting Wires | 10 | Amazon | AliExpress |
| 6 | Breadboard | 1 | Amazon | AliExpress |
Circuit Diagram & Connection:
The circuit diagram below is a simple demonstration of how to control RGB LED Color using Rotary Encoder and Arduino. Assemble the same circuit on a breadboard or PCB.
How Rotary Encoder Works?
The encoder has a disk with evenly spaced contact zones that are connected to the common pin C and two other separate contact pins A and B, as illustrated below.
When the disk will start rotating step by step, pins A and B will start making contact with the common pin and the two square wave output signals will be generated accordingly.
Any of the two outputs can be used for determining the rotated position if we just count the pulses of the signal. However, if we want to determine the rotation direction as well, we need to consider both signals at the same time.
We can notice that the two output signals are displaced at 90 degrees out of phase from each other. If the encoder is rotating clockwise the output A will be ahead of output B.
So if we count the steps each time the signal changes, from High to Low or from Low to High, we can notice at that time the two output signals have opposite values. Vice versa, if the encoder is rotating counter-clockwise, the output signals have equal values. So considering this, we can easily program our controller to read the encoder position and the rotation direction.
Source Code/Program:
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int encPin1 = 2; //Left turn of encoder to digital pin 2 int encPin2 = 3; //Right turn of encoder to digital pin 3 int SencPin = 4; //Push Encoder switch to digital pin 4 int ledPin = 13; // onboard LED for validation int redPin = 9; // Red LED, connected to digital pin 9 int grnPin = 10; // Green LED, connected to digital pin 10 int bluPin = 11; // Blue LED, connected to digital pin 11 // Define Variables int stateNum = 0; // current State number int buttonState = 0; // current state of the button int lastButtonState = 0; // previous state of the button int redVal = 0; // Variables to store the values to send to the pins int grnVal = 0; int bluVal = 0; int RGBVal = 0; //Value for RGB Blend static boolean moving = false; volatile int encVal = 0; unsigned int lastEncVal = 1; boolean enc1 = false; boolean enc2 = false; void setup() { //Define Inputs pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(grnPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(bluPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(encPin1, INPUT); pinMode(encPin2, INPUT); pinMode(SencPin, INPUT); //Turn on resistors for encoder/switch digitalWrite(encPin1, HIGH); digitalWrite(encPin2, HIGH); digitalWrite(SencPin, HIGH); Serial.begin(9600); //Start Logging //encoder interrupts attachInterrupt(0, intrEncChange1, CHANGE); attachInterrupt(1, intrEncChange2, CHANGE); } void intrEncChange1() //Read on interrupt Right turn - Fast +4 { if(moving) delay(1); if(digitalRead(encPin1) == enc1) return; enc1 = !enc1; if(enc1 && !enc2) encVal += 4; moving = false; } void intrEncChange2() //Read on interrupt Left turn - Slow -2 { if(moving) delay(1); if(digitalRead(encPin2) == enc2) return; enc2 = !enc2; if(enc2 && !enc1) encVal -= 2; moving = false; } void loop() { { buttonState = digitalRead(SencPin); //Read Button state if (buttonState != lastButtonState) //Compare to last state { if (buttonState == HIGH) //If button is pushed, incriment stateNum and blink onboard LED { stateNum++; if (stateNum > 8) stateNum = 0; //Defines and loops Number of possible states Serial.println("on"); Serial.print("State Number: "); Serial.println(stateNum); digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); } else { Serial.println("off"); digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); } lastButtonState = buttonState; } //update button state to loop //delay(20); //Delay to avoid bounce } if (encVal > 255) encVal = 0; //Loop Values if (encVal < 0) encVal = 255; if (encVal != lastEncVal) //Compare to previous pot value { lastEncVal = encVal; //Update encVal to reflect new value Serial.print("Encoder Value: "); Serial.println(encVal); digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //Blink onboard LED } else { digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //delay(100); //Delay to avoid bounce } //Begin States section if (stateNum == 0) //All LEDs make white, off to brightest { Serial.println("0 White"); grnVal = 255 - encVal; //Common Anode LED means inverse values bluVal = 255 - encVal; redVal = 255 - encVal; } else if (stateNum == 1) //Blend Green to Blue { Serial.println("1 Green to Blue"); grnVal = encVal; bluVal = 255 - encVal; redVal = 255; } else if (stateNum == 2) //Blend Blue to Red { Serial.println("2 Blue to Red"); bluVal = encVal; redVal = 255 - encVal; grnVal = 255; } else if (stateNum == 3) //Blend Red to Green { Serial.println("3 Red to Green"); redVal = encVal; grnVal = 255 - encVal; bluVal = 255; } else if (stateNum == 4) //Blend RGB { Serial.println("4 Blend All R-G-B-R"); if (encVal < 86) // Lowest third of range (0-85) { RGBVal = (encVal * 3) ; // Normalize to 0-255 redVal = RGBVal; // Red from full to off grnVal = 255 - RGBVal; // Green from off to full bluVal = 255; // Blue off } else if (encVal < 171) // Middle third of range (86-170) { RGBVal = ( (encVal - 86) * 3); // Normalize to 0-255 redVal = 255; // Red off grnVal = RGBVal; // Green from full to off bluVal = 255 - RGBVal; // Blue from off to full } else // Upper third of range (171-255) { RGBVal = ( (encVal - 171) * 3); // Normalize to 0-255 redVal = 255 - RGBVal; // Red from off to full grnVal = 255; // Green off bluVal = RGBVal; // Blue from full to off } } else if (stateNum == 5) //Red Dim { Serial.println("5 Red Dim"); redVal = 255 - encVal; grnVal = 255; bluVal = 255; } else if (stateNum == 6) //Green Dim { Serial.println("6 Green Dim"); redVal = 255; grnVal = 255 - encVal; bluVal = 255; } else if (stateNum == 7) //Blue Dim { Serial.println("7 Blue Dim"); redVal = 255; grnVal = 255; bluVal = 255 - encVal; } else if (stateNum == 8) //Purple Dim { Serial.println("8 Purple Dim"); redVal = 255 - encVal; grnVal = 255; bluVal = 255 - encVal; } //Send results to LEDs analogWrite(redPin, redVal); analogWrite(grnPin, grnVal); analogWrite(bluPin, bluVal); } |
Video Tutorial & Explanation:
You can check the application of Rotary Encoder here: DC Motor Speed Control with NRF24L01 Rotary Encoder & Arduino
1 Comment
Hi I get this error ” ‘analogWrite’ was not declared in this scope”